Behavioral Deficits Associated With Bipolar Disorder - 3025 Words

Behavioral Deficits Associated With Bipolar Disorder (Research Paper Sample) Content: Bipolar DisorderName:Institution:Bipolar DisorderAt a young age, Demi Lovato knew she had a problem. She openly spoke about her lifelong struggle with mental illness on the eve of launching her much expected fifth album (News Oran, 2015). At the age of nineteen, she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A health condition that affects a persons moods, thus causing the moods to fluctuations from one extreme to another. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience depression periods where the feeling is very low and mania episodes where the feeling is high and overactive. Less severe mania is known as hypomania. Bipolar disorder affects the brain part called prefrontal cortex (Berk et. al, 2006).The prefrontal cortex is the cerebral cortex that covers the front region of the frontal lobe. There is an integral connection between the personality of an individual and the roles played by the prefrontal cortex. This part of the brain is accountable to the arrangement of comp lex cognitive characteristics, decision making and expression of personality. For people with bipolar disorder, their prefrontal cortex is smaller. This part of the brain is related to executive functions like the ability to know the difference among conflicting thoughts, deciding bad and good, prediction of results, the future consequences of current activities and the ability to suppress the desire that, if not suppressed, could lead to the outcomes which are not socially acceptable. Studies indicate that in some people with bipolar disorder, the way the prefrontal cortex functions is not as good as it does for people without the disorder (Cerullo et. al, 2009).The brain neurotransmitters also play a key role in bipolar disorder. The major contributor is serotonin which has natural chemicals that can be linked to the changes in mood swings. Serotonin is a chemical which is responsible for keeping mood balance when this chemical is not sufficient; it can cause depression (Cerullo et. al, 2009). The experts of the brain hold a strong belief that to some extent, bipolar disorder is as a result of the primary problems with particular brain circuits and the brain chemicals called the neurotransmitters. Serotonin together with noradrenaline and dopamine are the three chemicals involved in functions of the body and the brain (Cerullo et. al, 2009). Together with noradrenaline, serotonin has constantly been linked to psychiatric mood conditions like depression and bipolar disorder (Berk et. al, 2006). Dopamine controls the nerve routes within the brain areas that control emotional reward and pleasure. Serotonin is also linked to many functions of the body including eating, sleeping, learning, sexual activity, insomnia, and memory. The survey indicates that abnormal brain circuit features that entail serotonin as the main chemical messenger contributes to a mood disorder (Cerullo et. al, 2009).Behavioral deficits associated with bipolar disorderDue to bipolar disord er, Demi Lovato noticed that she experienced debilitating mood swings. Like everyone else with bipolar, she had to go through at least one of the depressive episodes called bipolar depression (News Oran, 2015). People with bipolar disorder show different behavioral deficits, for instance, the experience a decreased need to sleep. Some patients sleep for about three hours only during the night. Research indicates that bipolar disorder affects an individuals circadian rhythm and the normal sleeping trends which are fixed by brain glands that react to the altering light and dark as well as the seasonal changes seasons (Cerullo et. al, 2009). Many people with bipolar disorder struggle with to stick to a consistent bed-time and wake-up time. Sleep interferences resulting from bipolar disorder range from too much sleep and not feeling the need to sleep. When people with bipolar disorder sink into depression, they either experience extreme insomnia, or they sleep too much (Berk et. al, 20 06). Those at the full mania stage may feel no need for much sleep as usual. Generally, people with this disorder report a lower-quality sleep time, more night waking, often insomnia and a general sense of less sleep. Demi Lovato admits that she just couldnt sleep; she thought it was normal staying up until 5:30 in the morning and composing seven songs within one night (News Oran, 2015).Persons with bipolar disorder are prone to be more talkative than usual, and sometimes they make rapid and difficult to interrupt talking (Cerullo et. al, 2009). Others talk even when no one is listening to them. There is also a noticeable increase in involvement in activities which are goal oriented, for instance, commencing new projects either at work or home. Since Demi Lovato was a musician, her goal-oriented activity was doing music, due to her condition, she could write around seven songs in a single night, this is hard for a person without bipolar disorder. There is also an excessive engageme nt in risky but fun activities such as spending sprees, sexual infidelity or sometimes making reckless investments or business ventures.During periods of mood elevation, people with bipolar disorder show symptoms of high energy, grandiosity, elevated libido, poor judgment, extreme irritability, impractical belief in one's powers and abilities, aggressive behavior, denial that everything is wrong, etc. While on the depressed end of mood spectrum, they show symptoms of low self-esteem, sadness feelings, emptiness, difficulty in decision making, and pervasive pessimism among other depressing signs. For people with bipolar disorder, spontaneous episodes of mood swings occur for no specific reason (Wilkinson et. al, 2002). However, in some cases, particular triggers may be discovered; these triggers can be events or situations, for instance, the changes in seasons. Anxiety feelings or mood swings associated with this disorder are so overwhelming and severe such that they interfere with j ob duties, personal relationships, and daily functioning (Wilkinson et. al, 2002).The mood swings and treatment difficulties of bipolar disorder mostly push the usual strains to thrilling behaviour and dysfunction. Mania regularly results in sex addictions, and hyper sexuality on the other hand downheartedness and medication have after consequences which can kill libido thus terminating sexual activeness of a person.Impacts of technological advancement in cognitive neuropsychologyThe use of technology in neuropsychological assessment has led to better-informed diagnosis and treatments (National Research Council, 2008). For example, technological improvements have resulted in the use of computerized batteries by clinical sports psychologists to assess minor traumatic brain injury and to inform return-to-play decisions. Research suggests that current computerized assessments are comparably reliable and valid to other neuropsychological testing measures when used with appropriate norm ative data (National Research Council, 2008). The use of computerized tests have made it possible to do tailor testing for specific populations and have increased the ease and standardization of administration, minimization of errors during scoring and interpretation and readily accessible assessment without significant time devoted to the preparation of materials (National Research Council, 2008).Literature ReviewBipolar disorder is among the major severe mental diseases which are currently estimated as a public health problem. With the emergence of formal literature, it began being seen as a dichotomous idea which is divided into type one and two disorder. After further research, the bipolar spectrum was reintroduced which included both the classical forms of bipolar disorder and the mild forms such as mood disorders which do not fully meet the diagnostic methodologies which are currently set by the ICD-10 (Cerullo et.al, 2009).The interest in utilizing functional neuroimaging in understanding the bipolar disorders etiology and improving it has been increasing in the past few decades. The functional brain anatomy can be examined through functional imaging. Research indicates that among the first brain regions to disrupt the mood of a bipolar person is a prefrontal cortex (Wilkinson et. al, 2002). When comparing subjects who are bipolar and those who are healthy, the bipolar patients might be having noteworthy neurocognitive shortfalls even during euthymia, where their brain activation functions differently. When compared to healthy individuals, research points out that bipolar patients show a bigger activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in the course of their verbal fluency talk but not during important decision making practices.Other studies used emotional faces like sadness, happiness, and fear of inducing different types of effects (Hassel et. al, 2009).These studies made use of emotional processing tasks; the results indicated that there is alter ed activation in the PFC regions in patients with bipolar. Two parts of the mesolimbic cortex named the amygdala and parahippocampus are involved in memory and emotional evaluation. Tasks which entail the use of emotional faces are used in the analysis of amygdala. Patients who are bipolar show enhanced activation of the left amygdala when their emotional faces are viewed (Hassel et. al, 2009). When viewed for fearful faces, the bipolar patients show a rise in activation in the left amygdala.Research indicates that amongst the ignored aspects of bipolar disorder is the threat for developing cognitive deficit as a constituent of the illness (Hassel et. al, 2009). Some of the reported cognitive deficits include; difficulties with the working memory of linguistics, difficulty in remembering what has been read or listened to, problems in setting priorities, planning and organizing behavior, and sluggish thought process (M...

Analysis Of Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison - 1508 Words

Unrelenting Perseverance Ralph Ellison’s excerpt â€Å"Battle Royal† from his novel â€Å"Invisible Man† reveals the African American’s struggle for social equality. It was written during the Cold War and Civil Rights movement and made an impact in the literature world and won an award. Ellison never provides a name for the narrator who refers to himself as the invisible man. The story begins with the narrator’s grandfather on his death bed instructing on how to deal with white people. The narrator felt this advice was more of a curse than helpful. The determination exhibited by the narrator during his encounter at Battle Royal is impressive. The level of abuse endured in his pursuit to deliver his graduation speech is both baffling and admiring.†¦show more content†¦6). The narrator was not looking forward to the battle due to not caring much for the other guys who would be fighting. Little did he know the other fighters would be the least of his worries, nor wou ld they be the ones to prolong his opportunity to deliver his speech. Upon his arrival to the fight he realizes that a naked female is present in the boxing ring and he has no control over his body’s response to viewing her. His first battle seems to be in his mind regarding feelings toward this lady. He is frustrated with her beautiful appearance that causes him to be visually aroused and hates her being there. At the same time he can tell she is frightened and wants to save her from the groping, inebriated men. Once the lady is gone the fighters are blindfolded and the narrator is about to encounter a physical battle that he was not expecting. Once his vision is obstructed the name calling begins. He hears someone yell, â€Å"I want to get at that ginger-colored nigger. Tear him limb from limb† (Ellison 200). He wonders if he is the only one blindfolded. The fighting starts and the narrator is hit so hard in the head that blood flows into his mouth. Somehow he is able to move the blindfold so he can visualize what is going on. He is now able to avoid some of the blows but still fighting so he does not bring attention toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` Battle Royal `` By Ralph Ellison1405 Words   |  6 Pagesleads people to misunderstand what segregation truly did. Karen and Barbara Fields are two sisters who wrote Racecraft together to discuss serious racial issues of the past, present, and future. These issues are present in â€Å"Battle Royal†, a short story written by Ralph Ellison. A major theme in this story is the differentiation of class. White men seem to live the life and are able to obtain whatever they desire; the black teenagers in the story are set up to brawl each other to entertain the whiteRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfactor though. Nobility has always looked down upon those without royal blood, and rich people have always looked down upon poor people. These factors are all present in Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison. In order to highlight the virule nt relationship between the white men and black men in Battle Royal, Ralph Ellison focuses on a separation of class by way of race, wealth, and social standing. Because of racism, the main character (Ellison) in the story, along with his fellow African Americans, are treatedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1383 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison Life is full of obstacles, but no matter what it is we must struggle for survival. In the short story â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison, the narrator talks about the clash between the African-American and white and the segregation issues. It features a young black man who has recently graduated from high school, and he is invited to give a speech to a group white gathering. While delivering the speechRead MoreAnalysis Of Ralph Ellison s Battle Royal 808 Words   |  4 Pages Ralph Ellison’s short story, Battle Royal, is symbolic in many different ways. In one way it is symbolic of the African Americans’ struggle for equality throughout our nation’s history. The various hardships that the narrator must endure, in his quest to deliver his speech, are representative of the many hardships that the blacks went through in their fight for equality. The narrator in Ellison’s short story suffers much. He is considered to be one of the brighter youths in his black communityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn the excerpt, â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison explores the defining issue of racism in America by highlighting the use of power white people use to oppress black people. He signifies the start of black people’s oppression through the inclusion of the white man’s role. Ellison expresses how white men exercises their power in many forms like political, class, and racial to continue to make blacks feel inferior. The idea of the white man’s power is exercised in â€Å"The Meaning of a Word† by Gloria NaylorRead MoreAnalysis Of Ralph Ellison s Battle Royal 990 Words   |  4 PagesSebastian Arroqui Professor Madden English 1102-217 October 21, 2015 â€Å"Battle Royal† By Ralph Ellison: Racial Symbols Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal† is an excerpt from his book Invisible Man, and throughout out this short story Ellison tells a great story about a nameless boy. The story starts off with the narrator speaking about the life of his grandfather, and how he led people to freedom after the Civil War because he thought they were spate but equal. He tells us that later his grandfather livedRead MoreAnalysis Of Ralph Ellison s Battle Royal945 Words   |  4 PagesHow would you feel if you were trying to succeed in life but there was a greater force holding you back? Ralph Ellison uses setting, irony, and symbolism in â€Å"Battle Royal† to further explain how African Americans were treated in regards to social equality. In the Deep South racism was very common and unfortunately it lead to many cruel things. Many people were mistreated and disrespected for no reason other than their skin color. The white man wanted to keep the African Americans separated from themR ead MoreRalph Ellison Battle Royal Short Story Analysis819 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery but African Americans still suffered from racism. Ralph Ellison touches on this topic in his short story â€Å"Battle Royal† which portrays the life of a young African American post-civil war. Before the narrator in Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal† was an â€Å"invisible man† he was a young African American who had to deal with oppression in order to survive in his modern time. Ralph Ellison uses symbolism, metaphors, and imagery in â€Å"Battle Royal† in order to enhance the portrayal of the life of a youngRead MoreThe Point of View of Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages The point of view in Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal† comes strictly from his trials and tribulations that he has overcome as a young black writer that began before the nineteen Fifties. Ralph Ellison was a black writer who was born on March 1, 191 4 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma only seven years after it had actually became a state. After completing the lengthy research of this man and his works I found that Ellison once had considered becoming a classical music composer after getting the idea from aRead MoreLiteracy Analysis1104 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Battle Royal† I’m writing an analysis of â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison. It is told from the first person point of view. This is a story about a young African American named Ralph Ellison, who is trying to be accepted by white society. He is offered the opportunity to read his speech he had written for his graduation at a gathering of the town’s leading white citizens (p.286). Ralph Ellison is told that he should partake in the Battle Royal before giving his speech

Ban on the Usage of Cell Phone while Driving - 808 Words

Cell phone ban while driving Many states in America according to their research have found out that use of cell phones in cars have contributed to several accidents as well as traffic violations and are now legislating rules and regulations on cell phone usage so as to create safer driving environment in the states hence reducing the number of accidents each and every day caused by use of cell phones while driving. Jennifer Clark (2012 ) indicates that teenage drivers were banned from any cell phone use while driving in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, D.C., Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia. Specific ages vary by state. Michigan bans cell phones for teens with probationary licenses in cases where the cell phone has resulted in an accident or traffic violation. The use of mobile phones in cars is one of several sources of driver distraction which contribute to road crashes and injuries to those both inside and outside the vehicle. According to research reported by Tom and Ray Magliozzi (n.d), Drivers are four times as likely to crash when talking on a phone Ã¥Å" °nd three times as likely when talking on a hands-free phone. This is occasioned by physical distractions when the driver has to use one or both hands to dial a number, answer or end a call, writing down telephone numbers, instead of concentrating on the physicalShow MoreRelatedCell Phones While Driving1322 Words   |  6 PagesShould cell phone use be banned while driving? Since the mid–1990’s, cell phones have been a part of our daily lives. Cell phones allow us to communicate with anyone, anytime, and anywhere even while we are driving, they are convent and make our lives easier. But is it safe to use a cell phone to talk, text, take pictures, surf the web, etc. while driving? Many drivers, especially young drivers think so. Many drivers do not think that glancing down at a cell phone for a few seconds to send orRead MoreBanning the Use of Cell Phones While Driving Should Be Mandatory Nationwide671 Words   |  3 Pagesof using cellphones while driving and convince the audience why it is essential to ban use of cellphones while driving should be mandatory nationwide C. Central idea: with increased use of technology and more specifically cellphones there are an increased number of accidents due to distraction because of the use of cellphones while driving. Therefore, the government should pass legislation to ban cell phone usage while driving nationwide I. Introduction Cell phones are as common in theRead MoreNo Call or Text Is Worth a Life1540 Words   |  7 Pagesor Text is Worth a Life Using a handheld cell phone could be one of the deadliest decisions you could make while operating a motor vehicle. The dangers and impact of using a cell phone while behind the wheel are numerous. One of the main reasons people still use their cell phones while driving is that there is no consistency in the laws across the country. Certain states have legislation that bans cell phone use, while other states only ban certain usage situations. Tough federal legislation is theRead MoreWhy Banning the Use of Cell Phones While Driving Should Be Mandatory Nationwide1039 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Banning the Use of Cell Phones While Driving Should Be Mandatory Nationwide Dimuthu perera AC1304661   SP180.0.3 Principles of Public Speaking   Assignment 6_06 8/26/13 â€Å"WHY BANNING THE USE OF CELL PHONES WHILE DRIVING SHOULD BE MANDATORY NATIONWIDE† TITLE: Why Banning the Use of Cell Phones While Driving Should Be Mandatory Nationwide? A. General Purpose: Persuade B. Specific Purpose: Persuade my audience that banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory nationwideRead MoreDistarctions of Cell Phone Use While Operating Motor Vehicles1575 Words   |  7 PagesShannon Hudak Distractions of Cell Phone Use While Operating a Motor Vehicle Using cell phones while driving are not only dangerous but deadly. We have many distractions while driving, let alone the use of cell phones as well. In this day and age cell phones are used for a variety of things such as text-messaging, internet usage, watching television, e-mailing, faxes, games, and much more. Driving is a privilege, not a right. Many Americans take the technology we have today for granted. OnceRead MoreDangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageslast few decades, the use of cell phones has become a very common tool. Furthermore, Technology has certainly advanced, and the cell phone is becoming the most preferred mode of communication. The demand for a cell phone is growing every day. In addition, the use of wireless technology is affordable, and anyone can buy a cell phone at a reasonable price. They come in all shapes and sizes. They range from black to bright metallic white. American public use of cell phones is increasing every day. AsRead MoreTexting While Driving Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesStop Texting While Driving Introduction I. Attention Getter- audience participation/ survey a. How many of own a cell phone with texting privileges? b. Now how many of you have ever texted while driving? II. Thesis Statement- Did you know that texting while driving can be more dangerous than driving while drunk? III. Credibility- I found these statistics along with other information on drivinglaws.org and various other sites. IV. Preview- Today I will be discussing statistics, a few lawsRead MoreEssay on Cell Phone Use Should be Banned While Driving985 Words   |  4 PagesYou are driving down the road in your brand new Cadillac Escalade. The sky is bright blue without a cloud in the sky. Your phone rings and you answer it. You start talking and get deeply involved in the conversation. Before you know it, you just ran a red light and get side swiped by a school bus. Your life is now upside down. Finally, you are able to pull yourself out of your new Escalade with no injury. However, a few of the students have been injured and one killed. Now you have to liveRead MoreArgumentative Synthesis 1763 Words   |  4 Pagestalking on the phone while driving affect the driver? Drivers shouldn’t be able to use phones while driving because it can be extremely hazardous for not only them but their passengers, or others traveling along the same road. If changing a radio station is considered a major d istraction to drivers, how is it not a distraction to look down to find your cell phone? Cell phones, have been known to cause wrecks that can even result in fatalities. In a recent article , â€Å"Distracted Driving: Should TalkingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving977 Words   |  4 Pagestexting while driving (â€Å"Cell Phone†). Likewise, that is about half the percentage of accidents kindled by drunk driving. Driving preoccupied is injurious; furthermore, adding texting into the equation yields the greatest amount of accidents. One text could alternate a person’s entire life, or worse, cease their life. The danger of texting while driving is an outlandish issue that can be diminished by prohibiting its use and offering phone-disabling devices in vehicles. Texting and driving not only

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET WOMEN A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT Woman S Essay Example For Students

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET WOMEN: A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT: Woman S Essay MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETWOMEN: A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT:Woman SYMBOL:WO DISCOVERERAdam ATOMIC MASS: Accepted as 118 lbs, known to vary from 110 to 550 lbs. OCCURRENCE: Copious quantities throughout the world. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 1. Surface usually covered with a painted film. 2. Boils at nothing, freezes without reason. 3. Melts if given special treatment. 4. Bitter if incorrectly used. 5. Found in various states ranging from virgin metal to common ore. 6. Yields to pressure applied to correct points. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: 1. Has great affinity for gold, silver, platinum and precious stones. 2. Absorbs great quantities of expensive substances. 3. May explode without prior warning and for no known reason. 4. Insoluble in liquids, but activity greatly increased by alcohol. 5. Most powerful money-reducing agent known to man. COMMON USES: 1. Highly ornamental, especially in sports cars. 2. Can be a great aid to relaxation. TESTS: 1. Pure specimen turns rosy pink when discovered in natural state. 2. Turns green when placed beside a better specimen. HAZARDS: 1. Highly dangerous except in experienced hands. 2. Illegal to possess more than one at a time.