The revolutionary war Essay Example for Free

The revolutionary war Essay The Revolutionary War created the pathway to what we are now. We became independent and it gave us freedom from Britains King. The war led us to the new life we wanted without control of outside countries. But without the encouragement of writers to help us in our time of need, things still would not have been that easy. Some of the great writers that influenced others to make history happen would be Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry. These men wrote articles that encouraged others to stand up for what they believed in, and they wrote remarkable speeches that helped us become who we are. They had the courage to write their thoughts into writing that inspired many to fight for what they believed in. Without the help of literature within the period of our time, maybe things wouldve gone differently. The winter of 1776 was a dreadful time for George Washington and his troops. They had little food, inadequate shelter, and many were deserting (Berstein 161). Into this horrible situation came Thomas Paine. In England, he had moved, without success, through several occupations. He then began to write essays supporting Americas fight for independence, shortly after his arrival in 1774. In December of 1776, he started to write a series of articles entitled The Crisis. His words inspired many soldiers to enlist in the army and encouraged them to continue fighting. After the publication of his articles, the first anti-slavery movement, The American Antislavery Society, was found (Katz 1). His beliefs of universal order, in human perfectibility, and in the power of reason, guided him throughout his life to express himself and persuade others to fight for what they believed in. Yet Paine, a fuzzy historical figure of the 1700s, is remembered mostly for one or two sparkling patriotic quotes These are the times that try mens souls and little else (Katz 1). The Crisis gave enough courage to the Americans that when they attacked Britain at Trenton they succeeded. His articles encouraged soldiers to continue fighting Britain and made them realize that the more they want Freedom, the more theyll have to fight. The victory at the battle of Trenton marked a turning point in the war. Thomas Jefferson was a powerful advocate of liberty who was born in 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia. He studied at the College of William and Mary,  and then read law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton. Freckled and sandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent, but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the silent member of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson put little that was new into the famous document. On the same day that Independence was declared, Mr. Jefferson was appointed one of a committee of three to devise an appropriate Coat of Arms for the republic of the United States of America (Rayner 8). Part of the declaration ideas had already been much discussed in America. They had previously been popular in England; John Locke had used them in his book On Civil Government, a defense of the English Revolution of 1688. The Declaration is a statement of the American theory of government. Three basic ideas were involved: (1) God had made all men equal and had given them the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (instead of Lockes pursuit of property); (2) the main business of government was to protect these rights; (3) if a government tried to withhold these rights, the people were free to revolt and to set up a new government. These three ideas formed the groundwork for the state governments that were established after the Declaration was adopted. The declaration came to be on July 4, 1776, when the members of the Continental Congress assembled at the State House in Philadelphia to take up a matter of vital importance. Two days earlier the Congress had voted to declare the colonies to be free and independent states. Now they were considering how to announce that fact to the world. By the end of the day, the final wording had been determined and the Congress voted unanimously to adopt one of historys greatest documents, which was the Declaration of Independence. The stirring phrases of the Declaration inspired the patriots to defeat the British, thus guaranteeing independence (Rayner 8). Since that time the Declaration has been a source of pride and strength for every generation of Americans. The American political leader Patrick Henry was one of the most celebrated orators of the American Revolution (Logan 6). He was born on May 29, 1736, in Hanover County, Virginia. Henry failed as both a storekeeper and a farmer  before being admitted to the Virginia bar in 1760 (Logan 6). However, he won fame in 1763 after his impassioned pleading in the Parsons Cause, a case in which he defended the right of the colony to fix the price of the tobacco in which the clergy were paid, despite a contrary ruling from London. Many feel he began the revolutionary movement in the South. Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! an infamous statement by Henry that had led others to stand up for what they believed in. He boldly stated how the people should not let the king push them around and people agreed. His speech encouraged others to make a statement against the king to rebel and they got their respect. The Revolutionary War, which was greatly won, involved many literary works that had big impacts. Thomas Paines The Crisis encouraged many citizens to fight for what they believed in and this led to the victory of the Battle of Trenton. This document was much likely related to Patrick Henrys attempt to encourage others to rebel against Britains regulations with tobacco. Thomas Jefferson also had created a literary work that affected our nation deeply. The Declaration of Independence is still used today as a way of living as it was back then, when it was also used to inspire the soldiers at the time of war. So as you can see, literature did have an impact on our history, and without it maybe things would have happened differently. The influence of the literature during the Revolution helped create what we are now.

Gilgamesh Is Gay Essay -- essays research papers

Gilgamesh is an epic that has been passed down for thousands of years. The epic narrates the legendary deeds of the main character Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh is two-thirds immortal and one-third mortal; however, he cannot accept his fate that one day he too will die. The entire epic tells the story of Gilgamesh’s life and searche for immortality. Through his many trials and tribulations, Gilgamesh proves that he has great physical strength. However, throughout the epic Gilgamesh also shows he is emotionally unstable and immature. The author created Gilgamesh with this flaw of immaturity so that he would be a more believable character. The depth of Gilgamesh's physical strength first appears to the reader in the prologue. Gilgamesh is said to be "the man to whom all things are known". The gods created him with great care giving him beauty and courage. "The great gods made his beauty perfect, surpassing all others, terrifying like a great wild bull". Furthermore, h is beauty and power were like that of no other man. The story begins by stating that Gilgamesh is an overbearing king. He never sleeps due to his over indulgence in life. Gilgamesh keeps the city in disruption involving anyone he pleases in his corrupt demands. He sleeps with all the virgins before they are married, therefore, making them impure before their husbands have a chance to sleep with them. If Gilgamesh were a mature king, he would see no reason to show he is the most powerful. He would lead ...

Human Sexuality: Toys and Technology Essay

Throughout history, the concept of sexuality and what is deemed as normal within different societies has evolved constantly. Various social standards and expectations often play into how a culture will approach sexuality—what it entails, what its limits may be, or if it is even an appropriate topic of discussion (Davies, 1982, p. 1042). Evidently, no matter how liberal or relaxed a particular society may be, there are still certain areas of sexuality that are considered taboo such as the integration of technology (Rubin, 1989, p. 267). This pertains to the use of internet or film porn, vibrators, and other sex toys. While the use of technology for sexual purposes is widespread, there are still some apprehensions about it, and many are still uncomfortable with the concept of sex toys and pornography. Due to factors such as politics, religion, and cultural traditions, society still tends to classify the use of sexual accessories or entertainment as taboo; and this is indicative of how social norms influence one’s views and comfort level when it comes to sexual behavior. As political changes have altered the way in which society functions, so have they altered people’s views of sexuality. Consider the ancient Grecian times, during which sexuality and promiscuity were considered to be a normal part of everyday life. People treated sexual behavior in a relatively unabashed manner. When kingdoms and politics began to grow to be larger in scale, however, it had an inverse relationship to the presence of sexuality in society (Greenberg, 1988, p. 185). Sexual enjoyment began to be more repressed in an effort for politicians and rulers to control a group of people (Davies, 1982, p. 1032). Political movements also led to the promotion of chastity as well as the elimination of prostitution (Rubin, 1989, p. 68). Widespread political agendas essentially began implementing a new mindset and a new set of morals in society. Instead of sex being treated as a natural and acceptable part of life, the growth of politics determined sexual behavior as being immoral; and as time passed, it became a solid societal expectation that people should repress any animal-like sexual urges and avoid promiscuous behavior. At the very least, they should keep their sexual conduct private and refrain from discussing it with others. Aside from prostitution, masturbation was heavily discouraged (Rubin, 1989, p. 68). Even in today’s society, this mindset is still present. Many people, especially women, are uncomfortable with the concept of masturbation, let alone discussing it with others (Rubin, 1989, p. 282). With vibrators being one of the most popular masturbation accessories, the negative or awkward associations between the vibrators and the actual act of masturbation can be observed—that is, since masturbation is still considered by some to be taboo, vibrators and other sex toys are automatically put into the same category. Along with politics, religion has been a major influence in terms of how different cultures and societies perceive sexuality. When one considers the literal translation of the Bible, for example, the messages are clear and quite threatening. Those who violate what God declares to be the boundaries of sexuality are thought to be an â€Å"abomination†, and it even states that prostitutes should be stoned to death (Greenberg, 1988, p. 196). The enforcement of these beliefs within society was for the purpose of creating social boundaries in an effort to maintain ultimate control over a group of people (Davies, 1982, p. 060). If society followed a religious order, then immoral behavior would theoretically be minimized. Many cultures, especially in the Western world, therefore, adhered to the Christian-based ideals of sex (Rubin, 1989, p. 283). This philosophy says that sex has one sole purpose, which is procreation. The Bible also states that sex is intended to take place between a man and a woman, suggesting that masturbation is a sin (Rubin, 1989, p. 283). This explains why so many still frown upon sex toys, which are meant to enhance one’s sexual pleasure even if they are not having sex with another person. Religious texts, in general, have served to disassociate several aspects of sexuality with moral and ethical behavior (Davies, 1982, p. 1042). Not only is masturbation considered unethical, but so is watching pornography. The Bible does not only classify sexual deviancy with physical actions, but what one thinks about as well. If someone is watching pornography, they are thought of to be engaging in immoral behavior; and if they are married, then pornography is simply considered to be another form of cheating and disloyalty. Many couples today will choose to watch a porn video together in order to enhance their sex life, but it is still thought of as taboo and not often discussed amongst couples. Regardless of whether or not all people believe in a certain religion, it is clear that religion has affected society and how people perceive matters such as porn or masturbation—even if they are not aware of any religious influences. Together, politics and religion have introduced the concept that illicit sex is unethical (Rubin, 1989, p. 289). They have developed social traditions and standards, which includes laws against pornography and other sexual factors that are considered to be obscenities (Rubin, 1989, p. 289). It is now a normal standard in society that one has to be at least 18 years of age to rent or buy porn. In addition, adult entertainment has become its own thriving industry due to the laws that prohibit pornography from being viewed by the general public (Rubin, 1989, p. 290). Of course, separating the porn business from society is not necessarily a negative act, especially since children should not be exposed to such graphic themes and images. The fact that there are laws that ban porn and other forms of adult entertainment, however, add to society’s stigma when it comes to how porn is perceived. A porn video is not considered to be the same as a rated R movie that children under 17 cannot watch. It is thought of as a taboo movie that even adults think of as inappropriate or socially unacceptable (Davies, 1982, p. 1037). If there are laws required to regulate or even ban certain sexual acts—such as in certain states, where homosexual sodomy is illegal—then sexuality in general is considered criminal, and that it should be treated with caution (Rubin, 1989, p. 91). The criminalization of sexuality has essentially conditioned society to be apprehensive in how they engage in sexual acts and whether or not they make use of any available material or objects that were created to improve their experience. Although the use of vibrators has become increasingly population—especially after the hit TV show Sex and the City made the â€Å"Rampant Rabbit† vibrator so famous—it is still considered to be a rebellion against tradition (Davies, 1982, p. 1040). Perhaps this is why women who openly admit to using sex toys are still referred to as â€Å"new age† or â€Å"modern women†, even though vibrators and other toys have been available for so long. When one thinks of the traditional and socially acceptable form of sex, they will most likely think of a man and a woman who are probably married. Sex toys are typically not considered a â€Å"normal† part of intercourse; and many consider using vibrators as emasculating to men and traditional gender roles (Greenberg, 1988, p. 15). Sexual behavior is already thought to be lusty and risque. When additions like erotic toys are added, sex is thought to be that much more taboo (Greenberg, 1988, p. 224). This is because toys are basically an excess—that is, couples do not need vibrators in order to have intercourse. Even during masturbation, people do not require inanimate objects to engage in the act. According to Gayle Rubin (1989), there is also a sexual hierarchy in society that lists what is defined as normal sex (p. 282). Monogamy is one of the defining factors of â€Å"good† and â€Å"acceptable† sexual behavior; and since pornography is generally based on pure lust between two unmarried people, it is still not thought of as a normal form of sexual expression. The use of vibrators, especially for masturbation purposes, tends to be looked down upon as well, simply because it tends to cross traditional social boundaries (Davies, 1982, p. 1032). These boundaries imply that technology in general, when used for sexual acts, represents a lack of morals, ethics, and values (Rubin, 1989, p. 310). This, of course, is not the case. Although centuries have passed since Western society adopted religious and politically-based views on sexuality, people still cannot fully accept that objects like vibrators and porn films have become a normal part of sexual behavior. The attempt to regulate sexual behavior and influence how people approach their own personal sex lives is nothing more than an example of the desire for ultimate control (Greenberg, 1988, p. 238). Although there should be restrictions that protect children from adult content, this should not affect society’s comfort level when it comes to sex—after all, it is a natural behavior. Sex, in general, is simply taken too seriously in Western culture, and only causes unnecessary amounts of stress and anxiety on those who wish to deviate from the standardized ideal of sexual behavior (Rubin, 1989, p. 310). Vibrators and sex toys are nothing more than accessories for sexual acts, and pornography is merely an adult form of entertainment; but due to political, religious, and traditional forces, they are still considered to be sexual and social taboos.

How to Conjugate the Verb Volere in Italian

Volere, which translates principally to the English to want, is, much like its English counterpart, a rather essential verb. You use it to express will, expectation, resolve, demand, command, and wish. It is irregular, so it does not follow the regular -ere verb ending pattern. Used as a transitive verb, volere takes a direct object or a complemento oggetto diretto, and, in compound tenses, the auxiliary verb avere: Voglio un libro da leggere. I want a book to read.Voglio il vestito che ho visto ieri. I want the dress I saw yesterday.Il verbo volere vuole lausiliare avere. The verb volere wants the auxiliary avere. Modal: Transitive or Intransitive But volere is also one of the triumvirate of Italian modal verbs, or verbi servili, aiding in the expression of other verbs and used to express the will to do something, so it can be followed directly by another verb (also a complemento oggetto): voglio leggere, voglio ballare, voglio andare in Italia. When its used as such, volere takes the auxiliary required by the verb it is serving. For example, if you couple  volere with  andare, which is an intransitive verb that takes  essere, in the compound tenses  volere takes  essere: Sono voluta andare a casa (I wanted to go home). If what we are wanting to do is mangiare, which is transitive and takes  avere,  volere, in that case, takes  avere: Ho voluto mangiare (I wanted to eat). Remember your ground rules for  choosing the right auxiliary: sometimes it is a case-by-case choice, depending on the sentence and the use of the verb. If you use  volere with a reflexive or reciprocal verb, it takes  essere. Volere With Che Volere also can be used to express wish in the subjunctive with che: Voglio che tu mi dica la verità  . I want you to tell me the truth.Vuoi che andiamo? Do you us to go?Non voglio che venga qui. I dont want him to come here. Vorrei The softer, less demanding expression of volere is the conditional I would like, which can be used in all the same ways as its English counterpart (but note the tense of the subordinate with che): Vorrei un po dacqua. I would like a bit of water.Vorrei mangiare qualcosa. I would like to eat something.Vorrei che tu mi dicessi la verità  . I would like for you to tell me the truth. Modal With Pronouns When volere is used as a modal verb, in constructions with direct and indirect object pronouns and  combined pronouns, the pronouns can go before either verb or attached to the infinitive that  volere is supporting:  Volete aiutarmi  or  mi volete aiutare;  lo voglio prendere  or  voglio prenderlo; glielo volete dare  or  volete darglielo. Ci Vuole, Ci Vogliono Volerci pronominal and impersonal, with essere, means it takes or it necessitates, as in require, particularly in time or money but also other things. For example: Ci vuole unora per andare a Roma. It takes an hour to go to Rome.Ci vogliono tre uova per fare gli gnocchi. It takes three eggs to make gnocchi.Ci vogliono 1,000 euro per andare in America. It takes 1,000 euros to go to America.Ci vuole forza e coraggio nella vita. Life takes strength and courage. You only conjugate in the third person singular or plural according to what is necessitated. You can use that construction quasi-reflexively with reflexive pronouns if the necessity is personal rather than impersonal. For example, Alla mia amica Lucia (le) ci vogliono due ore per lavarsi i capelli. It takes my friend Lucia two hours to wash her hair.A noi ci vuole un chilo di pasta a pranzo. It takes us a kilo of pasta for lunch.A Marco gli ci sono voluti due giorni per arrivare. It took Marco two days to get here. Volere Dire With dire, volere means to mean or to mean to say. Che vuoi dire? What do you mean/what are you saying?Cosa vuol dire questa parola in francese? What does this word in French mean?Queste parole non vogliono dire niente. These words dont mean anything. Volere Bene The term volere bene is used to express love of many kinds, romantic and non-romantic. It means to love someone, to care about someone, to wish them well. You use it with friends, family, pets, and also someone you are in love with, though with that person you also use amare: Ti amo! (You can use amare with other people, too, but be careful to not say ti amo to someone who might misunderstand your affection.) Volere bene is transitive, but it can be used reciprocally, with essere. The tables below include examples of  volere in transitive, reflexive, and reciprocal uses; modal and not. Indicativo Presente: Present Indicative An irregular presente. Io voglio Io mi voglio riposare. I want to rest. Tu vuoi Vuoi una pizza? Do you want a pizza? Lui, lei, Lei vuole Luca vuole bene a Pia. Luca loves Pia. Noi vogliamo Noi vogliamo sposarci. We want to get married/marry. Voi volete Volete del vino? Do you want some wine? Loro, Loro vogliono Vogliono mangiare. They want to eat. Indicativo Passato Prossimo: Present Perfect Indicative A regular passato prossimo, made of the present of the auxiliary and the participio passato, voluto (regular). In the passato prossimo the act of volere (like that of the other modal verbs) has ended and reached an outcome, one way or the other, almost with insistence: if you wanted to eat, you got food; if you wanted a car, you got it. Io ho voluto/sono voluto/a Mi sono voluta riposare un attimo. I wanted to rest for a moment. Tu hai voluto/sei voluto/a Hai voluto anche una pizza? You wanted a pizza, too? Lui, lei, Lei ha voluto/à ¨ voluto/a Luca ha voluto bene a Pia per molto tempo. Luca loved Pia for a long time. Noi abbiamo voluto/siamo voluti/e Ci siamo voluti sposare e ci siamo sposati. We wanted to get married and we did. Voi avete voluto/siete voluti/e Avete voluto del buon vino, vedo. You wanted some good wine, I see. Loro, Loro hanno voluto/sono voluti/e Hanno voluto mangiare subito. They wanted to eat immediately. Indicativo Imperfetto: Imperfect Indicative A regular imperfetto. In this imperfect tense, the wanting may or may not have resolved (like with other modal verbs). Io volevo Volevo riposarmi ma c'à ¨ troppo rumore. I wanted to rest but there is too much noise. Tu volevi Non sapevo che volevi una pizza. I didn't know you wanted ta pizza. Lui, lei, Lei voleva Luca voleva bene a Pia, ma l'ha lasciata. Luca loved Pia, but he left her. Noi volevamo Noi volevamo sposarci, poi abbiamo cambiato idea. We wanted to marry, but then we changed our minds. Voi volevate Volevate del vino? Did you want some wine? Loro, Loro volevano Quei signori volevano mangiare. Those gentlemen wanted to eat. Indicativo Passato Remoto: Indicative Remote Past An irregular passato remoto. Here also volere is resolute and has led to its outcome. Io volli Quel giorno volli riposarmi e mi addormentai. That day I wanted to rest and I fell asleep. Tu volesti Volesti una pizza e la mangiasti tutta. You wanted a pizza and you ate it all. Lui, lei, Lei volle Luca volle bene a Pia fino al suo ultimo giorno. Luca loved Pia to his very last day. Noi volemmo Volemmo sposarci a primavera. We wanted to marry in spring. Voi voleste Voleste del vino e ve lo portarono. You wanted some wine and they brought it. Loro, Loro vollero Vollero mangiare fuori. They wanted to eat outside. Indicativo Trapassato Prossimo: Indicative Past Perfect A regular trapassato prossimo, made of the imperfetto of the auxiary and the past participle, voluto. Io avevo voluto/eri voluto/a Mi ero voluta riposare e dunque mi ero appena svegliata. I had wanted to rest, so I had just woken up. Tu avevi voluto/eri voluto/a Avevi voluto una pizza ed eri pieno. You had wanted a pizza and you were full. Lui, lei, Lei aveva voluto/era voluto/a Luca aveva voluto molto bene a Pia prima di conoscere Lucia. Luca had loved Pia very much before meeting Lucia. Noi avevamo voluto/eravamo voluti/e Avevamo voluto sposarci in chiesa e mio padre non era stato contento. We had wanted to marry in the church and my father had not been happy. Voi avevate voluto/eravate voluti/e Avevate voluto molto vino ed eravate un po' allegri. You had wanted a lot of wine, and you were tipsy. Loro avevano voluto/erano voluti/e Avevano voluto mangiare molto e il tavolo era pieno di piatti. They had wanted to eat a lot and the table was full of plates. Indicativo Trapassato Remoto: Indicative Preterite Perfect A regular trapassato remoto. A very remote literary storytelling tense made of the passato remoto of the auxiliary and the past participle. Unlikely construction with a modal verb. Io ebbi voluto/fui voluto/a Appena che mi fui voluta riposare, mi portarono in camera. As soon as I had wanted to rest, they took me to the room. Tu avesti voluto/fosti voluto/a Appena avesti voluto la pizza, te la portarono. As soon as you had wanted the pizza, they brought it. Lui, lei, Lei ebbe voluto/fu voluto/a Dopo che Luca ebbe voluto bene a Pia tutta la vita, si sposarono. After Luca had loved Pia all his life, they married. Noi avemmo voluto/fummo voluti/e Dopo che ci fummo voluti sposare, ci lasciammo. After that we had wanted to marry, we left each other. Voi aveste voluto/foste voluti/e Appena che aveste voluto tutto quel vino, arrivarono i musicisti e ballammo tutta la notte. As soon as you had wanted all that wine, the musicians arrived and we danced all night. Loro, Loro ebbero voluto/furono voluti/e Dopo che ebbero voluto mangiare, si riposarono. After they had wanted to eat, they rested. Indicativo Futuro Semplice: Simple Future Indicative An irregular futuro semplice. Io vorrà ² Dopo il viaggio vorrà ² riposarmi. After the trip I will want to rest. Tu vorrai Vorrai una pizza dopo? Will you want a pizza later? Lui, lei, Lei vorrà   Luca vorrà   sempre bene a Pia. Luca will always love Pia. Noi vorremo Prima o poi vorremo sposarci. Sooner or later we will want to get married. Voi vorrete Vorrete del vino rosso con la pasta? Will you want some red wine with your pasta? Loro vorranno Dopo il viaggio vorranno mangiare. After the trip they will want to eat. Indicativo Futuro Anteriore: Indicative Future Perfect A regular futuro anteriore, made of the simple future of the auxiliary and the past participle, voluto. Io avrà ² voluto/sarà ² voluto/a Immagino che mi sarà ² voluta riposare I imagine that I will have wanted to rest. Tu avrai voluto/sarai voluto/a Dopo che avrai voluto anche la pizza sarai come una botte! After you will have wanted pizza, too, you will be like a barrel! Lui, lei, Lei avrà   voluto/sarà   voluto/a L'anno prossimo Luca avrà   voluto bene a Pia per dieci anni. Next year, Luca will have loved Pia for ten years. Noi avremo voluto/saremo voluti/e Dopo che ci saremo voluti sposare, andremo a fare un epico viaggio di nozze. After we will have wanted to marry, we will go on an epic honeymoon. Voi avrete voluto/sarete voluti/e Avrete voluto del vino, immagino. I imagine that you will have wanted some wine. Loro, Loro avranno voluto/saranno voluti/e Avranno voluto mangiare dopo il viaggio. They surely will have wanted to eat after the trip. Congiuntivo Presente: Present Subjunctive An irregular present subjunctive. Che io voglia Credo che mi voglia riposare. I think I want to rest. Che tu voglia Spero che tu voglia una pizza. I hope you want a pizza. Che lui, lei, Lei voglia Penso che Luca voglia bene a Pia. I think that Luca loves Pia. Che noi vogliamo Credo che ci vogliamo sposare. I think we want to marry. Che voi vogliate Spero che vogliate del vino! I hope you want some wine! Che loro, Loro vogliano Penso che vogliano mangiare. I think they want to eat. Congiuntivo Passato: Present Perfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo passato, made of the present subjunctive of the auxiliary and the past participle, voluto. Again, the wanting has reached a resolution. Che io abbia voluto/sia voluto/a Nonostante mi sia voluta riposare, non ho dormito. Though I wanted to rest, I didn't sleep. Che tu abbia voluto/sia voluto/a Nonostante tu abbia voluto la pizza, non l'hai mangiata. Though you wanted the pizza, you didn't eat it. Che lui, lei, Lei abbia voluto/sia voluto/a Penso che Luca abbia voluto bene a Pia tutta la vita. I think that Luca has loved Pia all his life. Che noi abbiamo voluto/siamo voluti/e Sono felice che ci siamo voluti sposare. I am happy that we wanted to get married. Che voi abbiate voluto/siate voluti/e Sono felice che abbiate voluto del vino. I am happy that you wanted some wine. Che loro, Loro abbiano voluto/siano voluti/e Sono felice che abbiano voluto mangiare. I am happy that they wanted to eat. Congiuntivo Imperfetto: Imperfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo imperfetto. Che io volessi Pensavo che mi volessi riposare, ma non sono stanca. I thought I wanted to rest but I am not tired. Che tu volessi Pensavo che tu volessi una pizza. I thought you wanted a pizza. Che lui, lei, Lei volesse Credevo che Luca volesse bene a Pia. I thought the Luca loved Pia. Che noi volessimo Speravo che ci volessimo sposare. I hoped that we wanted to get married. Che voi voleste Speravo che voleste del vino: l'ho aperto! I hoped that you wanted some wine: I opened it! Che loro, Loro volessero Speravo che volessero mangiare: ho cucinato molto. I hoped that they wanted to eat: I cooked a lot. Congiuntivo Trapassato: Past Perfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo trapassato, made of the imperfetto congiuntivo of the auxiliary and the past participle. Che io avessi voluto/fossi voluto/a Sperava che mi fossi voluta riposare. He hoped that I had wanted to rest. Che tu avessi voluto/fossi voluto/a Vorrei che tu avessi voluto una pizza. I wish that you had wanted a pizza. Che lui, lei, Lei avesse voluto/fosse voluto/a Vorrei che Luca avesse voluto bene a Pia. I wish that Luca had loved Pia. Che noi avessimo voluto/fossimo voluti/e Speravo che ci fossimo voluti sposare. I hoped that we had wanted to get married. Che voi aveste voluto/foste voluti/e Pensavo che avreste voluto del vino. I thought you would have wanted some wine. Che loro, Loro avessero voluto/fossero voluti/e Pensavo che avessero voluto mangiare. I thought they would have wanted to eat. Condizionale Presente: Present Conditional An irregular condizionale presente. Io vorrei Vorrei riposarmi. I would like to rest. Tu vorresti Vorresti una pizza? Would you like a pizza? Lui, lei, Lei vorrebbe Luca vorrebbe pià ¹ bene a Pia se lei lo trattasse bene. Luca would love Pia more if she treated him well. Noi vorremmo Noi vorremmo sposarci a marzo. We would like to get married in March. Voi vorreste Vorreste del vino? Would you like some wine. Loro vorrebbero I signori vorrebbero mangiare. The gentlemen would like to eat. Condizionale Passato: Perfect Conditional A regular condizionale passato, made of the present conditional of the auxiliary and the past participle. Io avrei voluto/sarei voluto/a Mi sarei voluta riposare. I would have liked to rest. Tu avresti voluto/saresti voluto/a Tu avresti voluto una pizza se ci fosse stata? Would you have liked a pizza had there been one? Lui, lei, Lei avrebbe voluto/sarebbe voluto/a Luca avrebbe voluto bene a Pia malgrado tutto. Luca would have loved Pia regardless. Noi avremmo voluto/saremmo voluti/e Noi ci saremmo voluti sposare a marzo, ma ci sposeremo a ottobre. We would have liked to marry in March but we will get married in October. Voi avreste voluto/sareste voluti/a Avreste voluto del vino bianco, se ne avessero avuto? Would you have liked some white wine, if they had had some? Loro, Loro avrebbero voluto/sarebbero voluti/e Avrebbero voluto mangiare prima. They would have liked to eat earlier. Imperativo: Imperative An irregular imperativo. Tu vogli Voglimi bene! Love me! Lui, lei, Lei voglia Vogliatele bene! Love her! Noi vogliamo Vogliamole bene! Let's love her! Voi vogliate Vogliatele bene! Love her! Vogliano vogliano Le vogliano bene! May they love her! Infinito Presente Passato: Present Past Infinitive Remember that the infinitive in Italian is often used as a noun. Volere 1. Volere à ¨ potere. 2. Lina si fa benvolere. 3. Non si puà ² volere di pià ¹ dalla vita. 1. Will is power. 2. Lina makes herself well liked. 3. One cannot want more from life. Volersi 2. Non bisogna volersi male. 2. One must not dislike one another. Avere voluto 1. Sono contenta di avere voluto vedere il film. 2. Averti voluto bene mi ha dato motivo di vivere. 1. I am happy to have wanted to see the movie. 2. Having loved you gave me a reason to live. Essersi voluto/a/i/e 1. Essermi voluta laureare à ¨ segno del mio impegno. 2. Essersi voluti bene à ¨ bello. 1. Having wanted to get my degree is sign of my commitment. 2. It is nice to have loved each other. Participio Presente Passato: Present Past Participle The present participle volente, meaning willing, is used as an adjective. In addition to its auxiliary duties, the past participle voluto is also used as an adjective. Volente Volente o nolente, vieni alla festa. Willing or unwilling, you are coming to the party. Voluto/a/i/e 1. Il male voluto torna a nuocere. 2. Mi sono sentita ben voluta. 1. The ill-will wished comes back to harm. 2. I felt welcome/well accepted. Gerundio Presente Passato: Present Past Gerund Remember the functions of the important gerundio mood. Volendo Volendo salutare Grazia, sono andata a casa sua. Wanting to say hello to Grazia, I went to her house. Avendo voluto Avendo voluto salutare Grazia, sono andata a casa sua. Having wanted to say hello to Grazia, I went to her house. Essendo voluto/a/i/e Essendosi voluti salutare, si sono incontrati al bar. Having wanted to say hello to each other, they met at the bar.